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Objective To construct a rating scale on the knowledge,attitude,and practice of geriatrics for 8-year clinical medical students and undergraduate nursing students,and to test the reliability and validity of the scale.Methods The Knowledge,Attitude,Practice(KAP)theory was used as a guided framework,relative literatures were reviewed,and topics for question answering were discussed by experts group.Then,a questionnaire was initially constructed.Five methods,including discrete trend method,Cronbach coefficient,t-test,correlation analysis,and factor analysis,were used to screen the attitude and practice items.The knowledge items were evaluated by experts.Items with over three exclusion criteria were deleted when combining the literal questions.The construct validity of the integrated scale was assessed by factor analysis.A pilot research was conducted by 100 eight-year medical students and nursing undergraduates selecting question entries,and the reliability and validity of the scale were examined.Results The scale consisted of three dimensions.A 43-item initiate questionnaire on the scale included 13 items for knowledge,11 for attitude,and 19 for practice.Two knowledge items were deleted according to expert evaluation.Seven items with more than three exclusion criteria were deleted after statistical analyses.Eventually,34 items were included in the questionnaire.The Cronbach α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.702.And three common factors were extracted according to exploratory factor analysis.Conclusions The reliability and validity of Geriatrics Knowledge,Attitude and Practice scale for eight year medical students and nursing undergraduates are acceptable,but the knowledge items should be recomposed.
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Objective To explore the effect of SIRT1 gene silencing on the radiosensitivity of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the protein expression of SIRT1 in DLBCL tissues.Western blot was used to measure the expression of SIRT1 in DLBCL cell lines (OCI-Ly3,SU-DHL-2,and SU-DHL-4) and the immortalized B cell line HMy2.CIR.After SU-DHL-4 cells were transfected with si-SIRT1 and si-NC using Lipofectamine 2000,the expression of SIRT1 was determined by Western blot.MTT assay and colony-forming assay were used to assess the cell growth and colony formation ability of SU-DHL-4 cells treated with radiation.The group t-test or univariate analysis of variance was used for comparison between groups.Results The expression rate of SIRT1 in DLBCL tissues was 72.6%(103/140),which was significantly higher than that in reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) tissues (26.5%,8/25)(P=0.001).The SIRT1 expression was significantly higher in DLBCL cells than in HMy2.CIR cells (P=0.020).After SIRT1 gene silencing by si-SIRT1,the expression of SIRT1 was significantly reduced in SU-DHL-4 cells (P=0.008).Besides,SIRT1 gene silencing significantly reduced the growth rate and colony formation ability of SU-DHL-4 cells treated with radiation (P=0.030).Conclusions SIRT1 gene silencing enhances the radiosensitivity of DLBCL cells,providing a novel target for the radiotherapy of DLBCL.
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Objective To analyze the characteristics of the speech fluency of preschool hearing-impaired children with hearing devices ,and to explore influence of different hearing devices, age, ender and intervention time on their speech fluency.Methods A total of 109 subjects of normal children and hearing-impaired children were induded in this study.They were divided into 3 groups, 30 of normal children , 28 of hearing-impaired children with hearing aids , 26 of hearing-impaired children with cochlear implants, 25 of hearing-impaired children with Cochlear implant and hearing aids.Their speech speed,pause,repetition,and prolongation in spontaneous language tasks by exploring the influence of factors such as hearing devices'' types,age, gender and intervention time difference to their speech fluency were studied.Results (1) The speed in normal children was significantly higher than those of in the other three groups(P0.05).The speech speed of children with hearing aids was higher than children with cochlear implants(P=0.045).Children with cochlear implant had more pauses than children with hearing aids(P=0.028).The speech speed of hearing-impaired children in 3.5~5 years old was lower than hearing-impaired children in 5.1~6.5 years old(P=0.042).The speech speed of hearing-impaired children who receive intervention less than 2.5 years, was higher than the children who receive intervention more than 2.5 years(P=0.002),while children who receive intervention less than 2.5 years had more pauses(P=0.047) and prolongations(P=0.002).Conclusion (1)Preschool hearing-impaired children''s speed is lower than the normal, and the times of pause and prolongation is more than the normal.(2) Different hearing devices and intervention time influence preschool hearing-impaired children''s verbal fluency, while gender have no effects.
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Online teaching has recently become a new way in medical education, to which great importance has been attached by domestic educational circles. The design principles, overall framework and functional structure of the online course platform in Peking Medical College were thus described with its implementation and characteristics summarized in the hope of providing certain reference for its building in domestic medical colleges and universities.
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Objective_To guide students to better adapt to the life of medical learning phase, and to plan a good profession design, while eliminate candidates do not meet the characteristics of medical school.Methods_Develop and Implement of seven stations of multiple mini-interview in 3-grave medical students.Results_The score of each station shows a normal distribute, and reliability Cronbach’sαcoefficient is 0.629.Conclusions_The design and implementation of multiple mini-interview f to link with the pre-med phase and Basic medical learning phase for 8-year program of clinical medicine is successful, and meet the purpose of ‘ examination promotes learning’ .
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Objective To investigate the learning outcome of clinical scenarios discussion im-plemented in teaching medical students before clinical probation. Methods Using standardized pa-tients (SP) to simulate the clinical common difficult situation, all eight year program clinical medicine students (84) of Grade 2008 who were about to enter the clinical probation were given clinical commu-nication education guidance. Through five classification variables questionnaire and return visit, the teaching effect was evaluate. Epidata 3.0 was used to input data, and the SPSS 15.0 was used to make descriptive analysis of the questionnaire and proportion comparison. Results We found 35.4%(29) and 63.4%(52) of subjects liked and approval this training, respectively;90.2%(74) of the subjects thought the diffi-culty of this train was moderate; 77.3% (65) of subjects believed that it was necessary to set the clinical scenarios discussion before clinical probation. Conclusions The implementation of clinical scenarios discussion before clinical probation was effective on inducing the medical students to pay attention to the doctor-patient communication, and deep thinking about the communication notice mat-ters and cop-ing styles in clinical environment.
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Objective To analyze the voice quality of children post operation for complete cleft palate through subjective and objective evaluation and explore the correlation between them. Methods Electroglottography analysis was used in the natural sound/a/of 30 postoper-ative children with complete cleft palate and 34 normal children, and the difference was compared. The natural prolonged sound/a/was as-sessed with GRBAS (grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain) in the children with complete cleft palate, and the correlation between the subjective and objective results was analyzed. Results F0, harmonic to noise ratio (HNR) were less, and the shimmer, jitter, normalized noise energy (NNE) and nasalance was greater in postoperative children with complete cleft palate than in normal children. For the children with complete cleft palate, G and R mainly rated as levels 1 and 2, B also rated as levels 1 and 2 in less than half of the children. There were low or very low correlation between all subjective and objective results, excepted G, R, B and F0, which showed moderate correlation. Con-clusion The vocal cords vibrate slowly and irregularly in postoperative children with complete cleft palate, suggesting mild and moderate voice disorder, and they sound hoarsely with roughness and breathiness. There are poor correlations between the subjective and objective as-sessment, and need to be used in combination for the children with complete cleft palate.
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This study aims to investigate the effect of total flavones of Fructus Chorspondiatis (TFFC) on the mRNA and protein expression of collagen type I and III of rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) induced by angiotensin II (Ang II), and explore its anti-myocardial fibrosis molecular mechanism. Neonatal rat CFs were prepared from Sprague-Dawley rats (1-3 d after birth). The expression of collagen type I and III mRNA and protein were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The study showed that stimulation of neonatal rat CFs with 100 nmol.L-1 of Ang II for 72 h resulted in a significant increase of the expression of collagen type I and III mRNA and protein. The changes on the expression level were blocked by TFFC. The results demonstrated that TFFC can inhibit myocardial fibrosis induced by Ang II in rats, which is probably associated with the collagen type I and III mRNA and protein levels up-regulated by Ang II, and TFFC was shown to decrease the expression levels of collagen type I and III mRNA and protein.
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Objective To characterize the nasal resonance of children with spastic cerebral palsy by comparing it with that of ordinary school-age children.Methods The mean nasalance scores (MNSs) of 90 normal school-age children and 62 school-age children with spastic cerebral palsy were measured and compared.Results (1) Age has significant effects on the MNS of/a/,/i/and/m/ in ordinary children,but has almost no effect on the MNS of/u/.The MNS of/a/,/i/,/u/ and/m/ in children with spastic cerebral palsy does not change with age.(2) Sex only has a significant relationship with the MNS of/i/ in ordinary children,but does not significantly predict the other MNSs.(3) The MNS of/a/ of children with spastic cerebral palsy is significantly lower than that of ordinary children,and their MNS of/i/ and /u/ is significantly greater than those of ordinary children.Conclusions The MNS of /a/,/i/and /u/first increases and then decreases with age in ordinary children,while the MNS of/m/ increases gradually.Children with spastic cerebral palsy did not show the same trends and demonstrated a state of retardation of nasal resonance.Children with spastic cerebral palsy are more likely to display hypernasality than ordinary children.
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Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is one of myeloid malignancies,and there is no effective treatment method at present.Nowaday,many studies report that combined treatment and adoptive immunotherapy can rebuild immunological function of patients,it's an ideal method of cure CML.So searching optimal leukemia-associated antigens and researching the number of antigen specific T lymphocytes is the key to treat CML.
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This study explored a novel systemic community-based model for detecting and managing people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used in this study. A quantitative questionnaire investigation was conducted in a sample of 1192 subjects which were randomly selected from two areas with high HIV prevalence, Xiangfan City and Shiyan City of Hubei Province, China. Twenty-two medical and health service staffs were interviewed by semi-structured questionnaire focusing on awareness, status, problems, and suggestions about community-based Voluntary Counseling and Testing and Provider Initiated Testing and Counseling (VCT/PITC). And they were organized to discuss about the aforementioned issues in Xiangfan City and Shiyan City, respectively. Our results showed that the accessibility and availability of the general VCT/PITC were bad. About 28.3% had known and only 4.9% had made use of VCT/PITC. Developing community-based VCT/PITC had some special advantages that can overcome some existing problems to remedy the aforementioned defects. We are led to conclude that, to maximize the availability and uptake rate of the VCT/PITC, we plan to detect PLWHA by developing the community-based VCT/PITC through 4 paths. Then we establish the community HIV health care center constituted of 8 sectors to provide an overall management. Thus, we can effectively detect and manage the PLWHA with a new systemic community-based model.
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This study explored a novel systemic community-based model for detecting and managing people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used in this study. A quantitative questionnaire investigation was conducted in a sample of 1192 subjects which were randomly selected from two areas with high HIV prevalence, Xiangfan City and Shiyan City of Hubei Province, China. Twenty-two medical and health service staffs were interviewed by semi-structured questionnaire focusing on awareness, status, problems, and suggestions about community-based Voluntary Counseling and Testing and Provider Initiated Testing and Counseling (VCT/PITC). And they were organized to discuss about the aforementioned issues in Xiangfan City and Shiyan City, respectively. Our results showed that the accessibility and availability of the general VCT/PITC were bad. About 28.3% had known and only 4.9% had made use of VCT/PITC. Developing community-based VCT/PITC had some special advantages that can overcome some existing problems to remedy the aforementioned defects. We are led to conclude that, to maximize the availability and uptake rate of the VCT/PITC, we plan to detect PLWHA by developing the community-based VCT/PITC through 4 paths. Then we establish the community HIV health care center constituted of 8 sectors to provide an overall management. Thus, we can effectively detect and manage the PLWHA with a new systemic community-based model.
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Humans , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Diagnosis , Drug Therapy , China , Community Health Services , HIV Infections , Diagnosis , Drug Therapy , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate mandibular movement characteristics in patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion during chewing different foods. Methods: 14 skeletal class Ⅲ adult patients with mandibular asymmetry, 10 patients without mandibular asymmetry and 10 normal control cases were chosen to find out the different condylar and incisor movement area ratio based on the aid of ARCUSdigma mandibular moving track analysis system. Results: First,during chewing soft food, the condylar tracing length of skeletal class Ⅲ adult patients with mandibular asymmetry were significant different in sagittal and horizontal plane compared with the other two groups(P<0.05), while the incisor point trajectory difference was not statistically significant. Second, the condylar and incisor movement characteristic showed much more different among three samples during chewing brittle food(P<0.05). Third, in sagittal plane, the deflective condylar movement area ratio was significantly higher than that of the other two groups during chewing hand food(P<0.01). Conclusion: The mandibular movement in skeletal class Ⅲ adult patients are affected obviously by the shape and texture of food. Asymmetric lower mandible patients have a greater preponderance of this phenomenon.
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Objective To compare the short-term efficacy and adverse effects of docetaxe or oxaliplatin combined with capecitabine in the treatment of late-staged gastric cancer in aged patients. Methods Eighty-two aged patients with late-staged gastric cancer were randomly divided into two groups,of which 38 patients were treated group) ,and 44 patients were treated with oxaliplatin (100 mg/m2 ivgtt on 1st day) and eapecitabine (2000 mg/1 cycle). Results There is no failure of follow-up. In the docetaxe group,the effective rate was 52.63% (20/38) and 54.55 % (24/44) for the docetaxe and oxaliplatin group,respectively (P>0.05). The median progression-free survival(PFS) in the docetaxe group (6.1 months) was similar to that in the oxaliplatin group (6.3 months) (P>0.05). Gastrointestinal response,myelosuppression and neurotoxicity (Ⅰ or Ⅱ level) were the most common ad-verse effects observed in both groups (P>0.05). No chemotherapy-related death was observed. Conclusions The short-term efficacy of decetaxe or oxaliplatin combined with capecitabine in the treatment of late-staged gastric cancer in aged patients is similar,and the adverse effects are all within tolerance limits.
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During the process of pathogens penetrating the plant cell, pathogens often secret some chemicals into plant cells, at the same time, they also produce mechanical signal by physical pressure on the plant cell. Here the pressure is used as the stress signal, to study its effect on phytoalexin accumulation and the induction of plant resistance in cucumber seedling. It is found that stress can induce the resistance in cucumber seedling significantly. When breaking the plant cell wall and plasma membrane adhesion by RGD peptides, the resistance induction is almost eliminated. Results from TLC and HPLC showed that stress stimulation could increase phytoalexin accumulation in cucumber seedling. This suggests that the accumulation of phytoalexin is one possible reason of the increased resistance after stress stimulation. When the adhesion between plant cell wall and plasma membrane was block by RGD, there is only small amount of phytoalexin accumulation compared with the control, suggesting that the stress induced phytoalexin accumulation and resistance is relying on the adhesion of plant cell wall and plasma membrane.
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As a response to the requirements of medical students in the background of social,economic and scientific development,we encouraged medical students to get more education in the field of humanism.The learning interest and load of medical students are assessed.
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Scientific research training program is an important component in the 8-year medical education program. It focuses on the training of scientific research thinking and research methods. It is necessary to establish an effective evaluation system in order to achieve the learning outcomes of scientific research training program. PUMC has established an effective evaluation system which involves research project selecting,supervising,formative assessment,oral defense. This paper introduces the evaluation system of scientific research training program at PUMC.